Antimony pentachloride

Antimony pentachloride
IUPAC name

Antimony pentachloride
Antimony(V) chloride
Other names

Antimonic chloride
Antimony quintachloride
Antimony perchloride
Identifiers
CAS number 7647-18-9 Y
ChemSpider 10613049 Y
EC number 231-601-8
RTECS number CC5075000
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Image 2
Properties
Molecular formula SbCl5
Molar mass 299.02 g/mol
Appearance Colourless or yellow (fuming) liquid
Density 2.336 g/cm3
Melting point

2.8 °C, 276 K, 37 °F
Boiling point

140 °C, 413 K, 284 °F
Solubility in water decomposes
Solubility soluble in HCl, chloroform and CCl4
Refractive index (nD) 1.59255
Viscosity 0.00191 Pa s
Structure
Molecular shape Trigonal bipyramidal
Dipole moment 0 D
Hazards
EU Index 051-002-00-3
EU classification Corrosive (C)
Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases R34, R51/53
S-phrases (S1/2), S26, S45, S61
NFPA 704
0
3
1
W
Flash point 77 °C
LD50 1115 mg/kg, oral (rat)
Related compounds
Other anions Antimony pentafluoride
Other cations Phosphorus pentachloride
Related compounds Antimony trichloride
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Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Antimony pentachloride is a the chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to impurities. Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid, SbCl5 is highly corrosive substance.

Contents

Preparation and structure

Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passing chlorine gas into molten antimony trichloride:

SbCl3 + Cl2 → SbCl5

Gaseous SbCl5 has a trigonal prismatic structure.[1]

Reactions

Antimony pentachloride hydrolyses readily to give hydrochloric acid:

2 SbCl5 + 5 H2O → Sb2O5 + 10 HCl

This reaction is suppressed in the presence of large excess of chloride owing to formation of the hexachloroantimonate complex ion:

SbCl5 + Cl− → [SbCl6]−

The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl5.H2O SbCl5.4H2O.

This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in the Gutmann scale of Lewis basicity.[2]

It is also a strong oxidizing agent.[3]

Applications

Antimony pentachloride is used as a polymerization catalyst and for the chlorination of organic compounds.

References

  1. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419. 
  2. ^ V. Gutmann (1976). "Solvent effects on the reactivities of organometallic compounds". Coord. Chem. Rev. 18 (2): 225. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(00)82045-7. 
  3. ^ Connelly, N. G. and Geiger, W. E. (1996). "Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry". Chem. Rev. 96: 877–922. doi:10.1021/cr940053x. PMID 11848774.